胰岛素的分泌,始于胰岛β细胞对内环境因素的识别。识别产生的信号经传递和换能程序最终导致胰岛素释放。调节胰岛素释放的因素大致可分两类:一类对胰岛β细胞呈直接的即刻效应,如葡萄糖、儿茶酚胺、胃肠激素和胆硷能递质等物质;另一类对胰岛素释放呈直接或间接的迁延效应,如生长、妊娠、禁食等状态。前一类调节效应可能与β细胞的高特异性的动作电位产生有关,后一类调节效应可能与其低特异性的无峰电 Insulin secretion, beginning from the islet β-cell recognition of environmental factors. Identification of the resulting signal transduction and transduction procedures eventually leads to insulin release. The factors that regulate insulin release can roughly be divided into two categories: a direct effect on the islet β cells were immediate effects, such as glucose, catecholamines, gastrointestinal hormones and cholinergic transmitter and other substances; the other for the release of insulin was direct or indirect The effect of the delay, such as growth, pregnancy, fasting and other states. The former regulatory effect may be related to the high specific action potential of β cells, and the latter regulatory effect may be related to its low specific peak-free