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目的研究大鼠、家兔和正常人颈后深部肌肉的组织化学特征和生理作用。②方法应用肌球蛋白ＡＴＰ酶（ＡＴＰ酶）和乙酰胆碱酯酶（ＡＣｈＥ）染色法，观测了大鼠（４只）、家兔（４只）和正常人（４例）颈后深部肌肉的肌纤维类型，用ＶＩＤＡＳ图像分析仪测量其横切面积。③结果ＡＴＰ酶染色，颈后深部肌肉肌纤维分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型，横切面呈多边形或椭圆形。在大鼠、家兔和正常人，Ⅰ型纤维的数量和横切面积均显著大于Ⅱ型纤维。大鼠、家兔和人Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型纤维的横切面积依次增大。ＡＣｈＥ染色，染色颗粒呈长椭圆形，其数量和面积以家兔较大，人次之，大鼠最小。④结论大鼠、家兔和正常人颈后深部肌肉Ⅰ型纤维多于Ⅱ型纤维，对维持颈段脊柱的生理姿势和运动功能具有重要作用。
Objective To study the histochemical characteristics and physiological effects of deep muscle in rats, rabbits and normal people. Methods Myosin ATPase (ATPase) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining were used to observe the myofibers in the deep musculature of the posterior neck of rats (4), rabbits (4) and normal subjects (4 cases) Type, with VIDAS image analyzer to measure the cross-sectional area. ③ Results ATPase staining, deep muscle muscle fibers were divided into type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ, the cross-section was polygonal or oval. In rats, rabbits and normal subjects, the number and cross-sectional area of type I fibers were significantly larger than those of type II fibers. The cross-sectional area of type I and type II fibers in rats, rabbits and humans increased successively. AChE staining, stained particles elongated oval, the number and size of rabbits larger, the number of people, the smallest rats. Conclusion The type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ fibers of deep muscle in rats, rabbits and normal people are more than those of type Ⅱ fibers, which play an important role in maintaining the physiological posture and motor function of cervical spine.