本文探讨了大部分欧洲国家十余年来自发形成的提前退休趋势,以及奥地利、芬兰、法国、德国、意大利、挪威、波兰、瑞士、捷克共和国、英国10个国家逐渐形成的应对这一问题的诸种政策,追问了这些改革是否对积极养老(activeageing)有益。作者还分析了可能促进或阻碍养老金改革在成功取得更高实际退休年龄方面的诸种因素。在这些因素中,个体劳动者的退休偏好、公司的政策和普遍的就业水平尤为重要。 This article explores the early retirement trends that have emerged spontaneously in most European countries over the past decade and the emerging response from 10 countries in Austria, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Poland, Switzerland, the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom Various policies question whether these reforms are beneficial to active aging. The authors also analyzed various factors that may promote or hinder pension reform in the successful achievement of higher real retirement ages. Among these factors, retirement preferences of individual workers, corporate policies and general employment levels are particularly important.