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为探讨南方双季超级稻对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收积累及利用规律,于2008—2010年在湖南长沙和浏阳以超级早稻陆两优996、陵两优268和超级晚稻丰源优299、天优华占为材料进行大田定位试验,比较了“三定”栽培、免耕摆栽和传统栽培条件下双季超级稻不同生育期植株体内氮、磷、钾吸收积累特点及氮肥利用率。与传统栽培相比,“三定”栽培双季超级稻生长前期(分蘖中期)氮、磷、钾的吸收量较低,幼穗分化期差异小,而齐穗期(早季平均为10.71、2.23和11.82gm?2,晚季平均为12.25、2.69和16.37gm?2)和成熟期(早季平均为13.61、3.01和13.71gm?2,晚季平均为17.16、3.31和18.31gm?2)较高;氮肥的偏生产力(平均为53.40kgkg?1)、吸收利用率(平均为55.98%)、农学利用率(平均为22.27kgkg?1)较高,分别提高29.00%、88.92%和46.67%。免耕摆栽双季超级稻不同生育时期氮、磷、钾的吸收特点与“三定”栽培相似,但其氮肥的偏生产力、吸收利用率和农学利用率(平均为50.24kgkg?1、52.75%和19.33kgkg?1)分别比“三定”栽培降低6.29%、6.12%和15.19%。由此可见,双季超级稻生产采用“三定”栽培技术有利于提高氮肥利用率。
In order to investigate the absorption and accumulation of N, P and K nutrients in southern double cropping super rice and its utilization rules, two rice varieties Liangyou 996, Lingliangyou 268 and super late rice Fengyuan 299 were collected from Changsha and Liuyang in Hunan Province from 2008 to 2010 , Tian Youhua as the material for field positioning experiments, compared the “” “three ” cultivation, no-till planted and traditional cultivation of double cropping super rice at different growth stages of plant nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption and accumulation characteristics and nitrogen Utilization rate. Compared with the traditional cultivation, the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the early growing stage (mid-tillering stage) of the “Sanding” double cropping super rice was low, and the difference in panicle differentiation was small. 10.71, 2.23 and 11.82gm? 2, 12.25, 2.69 and 16.37gm? 2 in the late season) and mature stage (averaged 13.61, 3.01 and 13.71gm? 2 in the early season and 17.16, 3.31 and 18.31gm? 2) were higher; the bioproductivity of nitrogenous fertilizer (average 53.40kgkg? 1), absorption and utilization rate (55.98% on average) and higher agronomic utilization rate (averagely 22.27kgkg? 1) were 29.00% and 88.92% 46.67%. The characteristics of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption in double cropping super rice at different growth stages were similar to those under “Sanding” cultivation, but the bioproductivity, absorption efficiency and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer (average 50.24kgkg -1 , 52.75% and 19.33kgkg? 1) decreased by 6.29%, 6.12% and 15.19% respectively than those of “Sanming”. Thus, double super rice production using “three ” cultivation techniques will help improve nitrogen utilization.