目的　为了探讨系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE)患者并发医院感染和双重感染的危险因素、临床特点及预防措施。方法　回顾性分析 386例SLE患者的医院感染 (188例 )和双重感染 (70例 )的临床、细菌学和各种危险因素。结果　SLE患者医院感染主要发生在口咽部、下呼吸道和皮肤 (85 % ) ,感染的病原菌主要是G 杆菌和真菌。疾病的活动性、住院时间、季节、激素、抗生素、免疫抑制剂、补体C3和细胞数是主要危险因素。结论　积极治疗SLE ,合理使用抗生素、激素及免疫抑制剂 Objective To investigate the risk factors, clinical features and preventive measures of nosocomial infection and double infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods The clinical, bacteriological and other risk factors of nosocomial infection (188 cases) and double infection (70 cases) in 386 SLE patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results The majority of nosocomial infections in SLE patients occurred in the oropharynx, lower respiratory tract and skin (85%). The main pathogenic bacteria in SLE patients were E. coli and fungi. Disease activity, length of stay, season, hormones, antibiotics, immunosuppressive agents, complement C3 and cell numbers were major risk factors. Conclusion Active treatment of SLE, rational use of antibiotics, hormones and immunosuppressive agents