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内分泌代谢性疾病患者由于激素代谢紊乱或营养障碍均可发生全身性水肿,严重时出现腹水。这种腹水多为中、少量漏出液,可随内分泌代谢紊乱的纠正而消失。1 甲状腺功能减退症 甲状腺功能低下引起腹水,可能与甲减时浆膜腔及内脏细胞积聚大量透明质酸、粘多糖、硫酸软骨素和水分,从而引起腹膜腔粘液性积液有关。另外,浆膜对蛋白、粘多糖通透性增加,淋巴回流减慢,以及肾脏基底膜增厚出现蛋白尿造成低蛋白血症等亦是引起腹水的原因。这种腹水一般起病缓慢、病程较长,多为中少量漏出液,也可较大量并伴有胸腔与心包积液,比重大,蛋白含量高,细胞数不多,LDH正常,胆固醇含量明显增多。
Patients with endocrine and metabolic diseases may have systemic edema due to disorders in the metabolism of hormones or malnutrition, and ascites in severe cases. This ascites and more, a small amount of leakage of fluid can be corrected with the endocrine and metabolic disorders disappear. 1 Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism causes ascites, which may be related to the accumulation of a large amount of hyaluronic acid, mucopolysaccharide, chondroitin sulfate and water in the serosal cavity and visceral cells of hypothyroidism, causing the peritoneal mucinous effusion. In addition, the serosa on the protein, mucopolysaccharides increased permeability, lymphatic flow slowed down, as well as renal thickening of the basement membrane proteinuria caused by hypoproteinemia also cause ascites. This ascites generally slow onset, longer duration, mostly in a small amount of leakage of fluid, but also can be larger and associated with pleural effusion and pericardial effusion, specific gravity, high protein content, small number of cells, LDH normal, significant cholesterol content increase.