目的　调查和证实人群中经胎盘传播日本血吸虫病。方法　以日本血吸虫病重流行区湖北省阳新县 2 0 8例 1998年 9～ 12月出生的婴儿及其母亲为对象 ,进行血清学检测血吸虫抗体和粪便检查虫卵。结果　 2 0 8例婴儿血清试验和粪便检查均阴性 ,2 0 5例母亲血清学试验中阳性 14例(6 .8% ) ,粪便虫卵检查全部阴性。结论　目前未能证实先天性日本血吸虫病人存在。但日本血吸虫先天性感染仍值得进一步研究 Objective To investigate and confirm the transmission of Japanese schistosomiasis through the placenta in the population. Methods A total of 208 infants and their mothers born from September 1998 to December 2009 in Yangxin County, Hubei Province, a major endemic area of ​​schistosomiasis japonica, were tested for serological detection of schistosome antibodies and faeces. Results 288 infants had negative serum tests and stool tests, 14 (6.8%) were positive in 205 maternal serological tests, and all fecal egg tests were negative. Conclusion At present, no evidence of congenital Schistosoma japonicum exists. However, Schistosoma japonicum congenital infection is still worth further study