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文化差异作为影响经济发展差距的深层因素,是推行区域均衡发展政策的客观约束。跨国研究认为基因的代际遗传与文化的垂直传递是并行的,进而以基因距离刻画文化差异。但本文综合遗传学、历史学和民族学的证据显示,在儒家文明圈中,基因与文化的对应关系由于文化横向传播而被打乱,而方言作为区域文化的载体能兼顾垂直传递和横向传播。为此,本文根据汉语方言的特点以及语言学波浪理论构建语言距离指标测度文化差异,实证研究表明,与基因距离相比,语言距离所包含的噪音更小,对于中国地区收入差距具有更强的解释力。进一步的机制研究发现,文化差异对于地区收入差距同时具有阻碍效应和直接效应。一方面,各地与技术前沿的文化差异通过影响信任和沟通等因素阻碍技术扩散,最终影响区域经济的均衡发展,但在人口流动、普通话推广等背景下,这一效应正在明显下降;另一方面,语言距离所代表的地域文化和商业精神的差异直接影响地区收入差距,且具有较强的时间持续性,基于企业家精神的实证发现是直接效应的有力证据。
As a deep-seated factor that affects the gap between economic development, cultural differences are objective constraints in promoting a balanced regional development policy. Transnational studies suggest that the intergenerational genetics of genes and the vertical transmission of culture are parallel, and thus cultural differences are characterized by genetic distance. However, based on the evidences of genetics, history and ethnology, this paper shows that in the Confucian civilization circle, the correspondence between genes and culture is disrupted by the horizontal spread of culture. As a carrier of regional culture, dialect can balance the vertical transmission and horizontal transmission . Therefore, based on the characteristics of Chinese dialects and linguistic wave theory, this paper constructs language distance indicators to measure cultural differences. Empirical studies show that language distance contains less noise than genetic distance, and has stronger effect on the income gap in China Explanatory power. Further mechanism studies found that cultural differences have both impeding and direct effects on regional income disparity. On the one hand, the cultural differences between various places and technological frontiers hinder technological diffusion through influencing factors such as trust and communication, and ultimately affect the balanced development of regional economy. However, this effect is obviously declining in the context of population mobility and promotion of Putonghua. On the other hand, . The differences in geographical culture and business spirit represented by the language distance directly affect regional income disparity and have strong time continuity. Empirical findings based on entrepreneurial spirit are strong evidence of direct effects.