结直肠癌是一种常见的恶性肿瘤,在无症状人群中开展结直肠癌的筛查能够发现早期结直肠癌和一些癌前病变,积极治疗和干预后能够降低结直肠癌的发病率和死亡率。结直肠癌常用的筛查手段包括大便潜血试验、乙状结肠镜检查、全结肠镜检查和钡灌肠检查等。最近又出现了仿真结肠镜和粪便DNA检测等新的筛查方法,该文对近年来此方面的研究结果作一综述。 Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor. Screening for colorectal cancer in asymptomatic populations can detect early colorectal cancer and some precancerous lesions, and aggressive treatment and intervention can reduce the incidence and death of colorectal cancer rate. Common screening methods for colorectal cancer include fecal occult blood test, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy and barium enema examination. Recently, new screening methods such as colonoscopy and stool DNA testing have emerged. This article reviews recent findings in this field.