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目的了解住院肺结核患者的结核病防治知识知晓现状,为更有效地开展住院肺结核患者健康教育提供依据。方法使用统一设计的调查问卷,对于2010年9月11～21日期间在北京市某结核病专科医院确诊后所有住院的369名结核病患者进行面对面调查,对结核病的知晓情况进行分析。结果共调查369名住院肺结核患者,结核病防治知识信息总知晓率为51.85%,对6条结核病防治信息全部知晓的患者为4.61%;文化水平为文盲的患者信息条目总知晓率最低(28.49%),大专、本科及以上最高(58.63%),不同文化程度患者知晓率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);国家机关及事业单位工作人员信息条目总知晓率最高为63.81%,农民最低为43.02%;住院前听说过结核病的知晓率最高为78.59%;咳嗽、咳痰,或痰中带血丝,应怀疑得了肺结核的知晓率最低仅为15.45%。结论结核病患者知晓率较低,应加强政府承诺及医务人员培训,充分利用人际传播及大众传播等各种传播方式,加大宣传力度,有针对性的进行健康教育,提高知晓率。
Objective To understand the status quo of knowledge about tuberculosis prevention and treatment in hospitalized patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and to provide evidence for carrying out health education in hospitalized tuberculosis patients more effectively. Methods A uniform design questionnaire was used to conduct a face-to-face investigation on 369 tuberculosis patients admitted to a TB hospital in Beijing from September 11 to September 21, 2010 to analyze the status of tuberculosis. Results A total of 369 hospitalized patients with tuberculosis were investigated. The total awareness rate of TB prevention and treatment knowledge was 51.85% and 4.61% for all 6 tuberculosis prevention and control information. The lowest awareness rate of patients with illiteracy was 28.49% (58.63%), and there was a significant difference in the rate of awareness among patients with different educational level (P <0.05). The highest total awareness rate of information items of staff in state organs and institutions was 63.81%, and the lowest level of peasants was 43.02 %; The highest rate of awareness of tuberculosis heard before hospitalization was 78.59%; the awareness rate of cough, sputum or phlegm with bloody filaments should be only 15.45%. Conclusions There is a low awareness rate of tuberculosis patients. Government commitment and medical staff training should be strengthened. Various modes of communication such as interpersonal communication and mass media should be fully utilized. Publicity efforts should be intensified, health education targeted and awareness raised.