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探求2010—2014年间陕西省春播玉米区试参试品种的主成分变化趋势,为陕西省玉米审定制度改革、玉米区域试验开展和品种审定提供理论依据。选取2010—2014年间参加陕西省春播玉米区试的每组产量排名前三的品种,依年份为单位选取主成分并计算其平均值,横向比较5年间参试玉米品种的主成分变化趋势。(1)参试品种生育期呈现递减趋势,累计减少6.17天,年均减少1.23天。(2)株高和穗位高呈现递减趋势,株高累计降低0.42 m,年均降低0.106 m;穗位累计降低0.3 m,年均降低0.0758 m。(3)穗长曲折降低,有维持到18 cm左右的趋势;百粒重总体呈曲折减小趋势,累计减少3.23 g,年均减少0.81 g;穗行数基本在16行左右,行粒数基本在37粒左右。(4)株型以紧凑型为主,粒型以马齿型为主,粒色全是黄色。从主成分变化分析可知,5年间陕西省春播玉米区试的参试品种逐渐向高产、抗倒、耐密和适宜机械化方向发展。
To explore the trend of principal component variation of pilot sowing trial of spring sowing maize in Shaanxi Province during 2010-2014, and to provide theoretical basis for the reform of maize auditing system, regional trial of maize and the validation of varieties in Shaanxi Province. The top three varieties in each group of spring corn sowing trial in Shaanxi Province during 2010-2014 were selected. The main components were selected by year and the average values were calculated. The variation trends of the main components of the tested corn varieties in five years were compared. (1) The growth period of tested varieties showed a decreasing trend, a total decrease of 6.17 days, an average annual decrease of 1.23 days. (2) The plant height and ear height showed a decreasing trend, the total plant height decreased 0.42 m, with an average annual decrease of 0.106 m; ear position decreased by 0.3 m, with an average annual decrease of 0.0758 m. (3) The long twists and turns of spikes decreased, maintaining the trend of about 18 cm; the average of 100 twigs tended to decrease with a decrease of 3.23 g, with an annual decrease of 0.81 g; the number of spikes was about 16 lines, About 37 or so. (4) The plant type is compact, the grain type is mainly dent type, the grain color is all yellow. From the analysis of principal component changes, we can see that the varieties tested in spring sowing area of Shaanxi Province gradually developed toward high yield, lodging resistance, tight tolerance and suitable mechanization in 5 years.