再生障碍性贫血(aplastic anemia,AA)的特点为全血细胞减少和骨髓造血功能衰竭,重型患者起病急,病情进展迅速,如不能得到及时有效治疗,患者常死于严重的出血或感染。经过多年的临床探索,其诊断和治疗水平已经明显提高。自2010年我国制定第1版AA诊治专家共识[1]至今,已历时6年,关于该疾病的诊疗,已经发生了一些变化。为进一步更好地指导我国临床医生对AA的诊疗工作,2016年中华医学会血液学分会红细胞疾病(贫血)学组对原版专家共识进行了修订,现对修订版共识做一解读,以供参考。 Aplastic anemia (AA) is characterized by pancytopenia and hematopoietic failure of bone marrow. In severe cases, acute onset of symptoms and rapid progression of the disease make patients often die of severe bleeding or infection if they can not be treated promptly and effectively. After years of clinical exploration, the diagnosis and treatment have been significantly improved. Since 2010, China formulated the first edition of AA consensus on diagnosis and treatment experts [1] so far, it has lasted 6 years, on the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, there have been some changes. In order to further better guide our clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of AA, the original expert consensus was revised in 2016 by the Chinese Society of Hematology, Division of Erythrocyte Diseases (Anemia), and the revised consensus is now read for reference .