[赏析] 曹操的《短歌行》,一开始即是“对酒当歌,人生几何?譬如朝露,去日苦多”,以至于唐人吴兢误以为这首诗写的仍然是《古诗十九首》的主题:言当及时行乐。直到清代的沈德潜也还在这样闭目胡说。但曹操“慨当以慷,忧思难忘”之“忧”,却不是“譬如朝露”的人生,而是功业未建,贤才未附,故他并不是“及时行乐”,而是要像“山不厌高, 海不厌深”那样胸襟宽广,广纳人才;更要像历史上的周公那样,“周公吐哺,天下归心”,从而“早建王业”。吴淇评此诗是,全篇“曲曲折折,絮絮叨叨,若连贯,若不连贯, 纯是一片怜才意思”(《六朝选诗定论》),而风格则“跌宕悠扬,极悲凉之致”(陈祚明《采菽堂古诗选》卷五)。 [Appreciation] Cao Cao’s “short song line”, from the beginning that is, “the wine song, geometric life? For example, the dew, to the bitterness of the day”, so that the Chinese Wu Jing mistakenly believe that the poem is still “ancient poetry nineteen First ”theme: words when in good time. Until the Qing Dynasty Shen Deqian also still closed eyes so nonsense. However, Cao Cao’s “worry” when he was generous and unforgettable was not “life like a dew”, but his career was not built and his virtuous man was not attached. Therefore, he did not “play in time” but wanted to be like “Mountain does not tire up, the sea is not tired of deep” so broad-minded, 广纳 talents; more like the history of the public as the Zhou, “Tuyugu week, the world”, “early built king industry.” Wu Qi criticized this poem is “the twists and turns of the twists and turns, rambling, coherent, if not coherent, pure meaning is a pity” (“Six Dynasties Selected Poems”), while the style is “ups and melodious, extremely sad” (Chen Yongming “Mining Hall ancient poetry selection” Volume V).