DNA疫苗已被广泛用于抗病毒、 抗细菌、 抗寄生虫及抗肿瘤的研究。近几年研究表明， 虽然DNA疫苗具有广泛的优越性， 但免疫效果还不够理想、 均一。如何优化DNA疫苗的结构， 诱导机体产生理想的免疫应答， 成了目前最主要的课题。本文对近年DNA疫苗结构与功能的关系作一综述。 DNA vaccines have been widely used in anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-parasite and anti-tumor research. In recent years, research shows that although the DNA vaccine has a wide range of advantages, the immune effect is not ideal and uniform. How to optimize the structure of DNA vaccine to induce the body to produce the desired immune response has become the most important issue at present. This article reviews the relationship between DNA vaccine structure and function in recent years.