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新生儿颅内高压常见病因有脑室内出血、脑积水、窒息与化脓性脑膜炎等。临床表现有嗜睡、激惹、肌张力改变、抽搐、呕吐等;颅内高压征有前囟门隆起,张力增高、头颅增大、颅缝分离、柯兴氏反应、听觉诱发电位改变等。新生儿正常颅内压力一般以10mmHg为上限。新生儿颅内高压除对症治疗外,常用的降低颅内压的药物有速尿加白蛋白、甘露醇与地塞米松等。必须缓慢降低颅内压力,以防诱发或加重颅内出血。
Common causes of neonatal intracranial hypertension have intraventricular hemorrhage, hydrocephalus, suffocation and purulent meningitis. Clinical manifestations are drowsiness, irritability, muscle tension changes, convulsions, vomiting; intracranial hypertension with anterior fontanel elevation, increased tension, increased skull, cranial suture separation, Cushing’s reaction, auditory evoked potential changes. Neonatal normal intracranial pressure is generally 10mmHg for the upper limit. In addition to symptomatic treatment of neonatal intracranial hypertension, the commonly used drugs to reduce intracranial pressure furosemide plus albumin, mannitol and dexamethasone. The intracranial pressure must be slowly reduced to prevent or exacerbate intracranial hemorrhage.