要了解原子核的结构和性质,就需要变革原子核,这可用如下方法来实现,用加速器或反应堆产生的粒子束打击靶,引起原子核反应,再用探测器测量原子核反应的产物。本文将着重介绍低能原子核反应的技术,而在其它类型核反应中,有许多技术是与此类似的,在下面各节中,将分别说明真空技术、薄窗技术、粒子束技术、探测技术和实验方法。 To understand the structure and nature of the nucleus, you need to change the nucleus. This can be done by using an accelerator or a reactor-generated particle beam to strike the target, causing the nuclear reaction, and then measuring the product of the nuclear reaction using a detector. This article will focus on techniques for low-energy nuclear reactions, and many others are similar to other types of nuclear reactions. The following sections describe vacuum technology, thin-window technology, particle beam technology, detection technology, and experimentation method.