论文部分内容阅读
In this paper, a class of new biased estimators for linear model is proposed by modifying the singular values of the design matrix so as to directly overcome the difficulties caused by ill-conditioning in the design matrix. Some important properties of these new estimators are obtained. By appropriate choices of the biased parameters, we construct many useful and important estimators. An application of these new estimators in three-dimensional position adjustment by distance in a spatial coordiate surveys is given. The results show that the proposed biased estimators can effectively overcome ill-conditioning and their numerical stabilities are preferable to ordinary least square estimation.