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Reporter: Qatar is an 1)absolute monarchy. The AlThani family are the rulers and there’s no parliament. Qatar is the world’s biggest exporter of liquefied natural gas and on a 2)per capita basis, Qataris are immensely rich because there are so few of them, just 260,000. They’re a small minority in a population of just over two million. Here’s a 3)contradiction they’ve created in their race to modernity. They’ve shown no interest in political reform, but they’ve shown a huge interest in educating their young. For now, Qatar has solved an apparent contradiction with money.
Dr. Sheikha Aisha Bin Faleh Bin Nasser Al-Thani is a member of the ruling family. Sheikha Aisha sits on the Supreme Education Council and she owns a few independent schools. For her own children, she wanted a top-flight college education.
Sheikha Aisha: I have two daughters. They’re the youngest and then, my sons, they got educated in Britain. But when it came to my daughters, I was worried. Where will I send them? I can’t send them to England. I can’t send them to the States. And one of them was—she wanted to go to the States.
Reporter: In the end, Sheikha Aisha’s daughter went to Northwestern, but not in Evanston, Illinois. She went to Northwestern’s branch in Education City, EC for short, right in Doha. Rather than have to choose between a U.S. education and keeping their kids at home, the Qataris opted to have it both ways. EC is home to degree-granting departments from Northwestern, Texas A&M, Carnegie Mellon, Virginia Commonwealth, Cornell Medical School and the Georgetown University School of Foreign Service.
Mehran Kamrava: We’re in the Georgetown building which was 4)inaugurated in 2010, one of the biggest buildings in all of Education City.

Reporter: Professor Mehran Kamrava, an American, teaches political science at Georgetown-Doha. It is a splendidly equipped, 5)coeducational institution. Seven of Professor Kamrava’s Georgetown students sat down to talk with me. I asked them about foreign migrant workers who are building infrastructure for the 2022 World Cup and the criticism Qatar has received about them.
6)Allegations of unsafe working conditions, misleading contracts and a system of 7)sponsorship by which migrants are bound to their employers, they typically hand over their passports to the boss and can’t leave the job or the country without permission. In the face of this criticism, the government and the World Cup committee said they’re shocked and they’ll fix things. Well, the Georgetown students were 8)skeptical. We’ll hear first from Noor, a freshman who is Qatari. Noor: There should be a great feeling of responsibility, and I think often the government is investigating the problem, right? But the government knows exactly why the problem—I mean the government is...
Reporter: When they read the story in The Guardian a few weeks ago and said we’re shocked, we’re going to do something about this, you don’t believe them? You don’t think they...
Noor: No, I don’t. I don’t think it’s possible to not have known about the problem. I really don’t think it’s possible. And I think that a lot of the problems arise from government policy and giving all the power to, you know, one person who is, I don’t know, your brother or your brother’s friend or whatever and letting him have all the power and then him doing whatever he can to maximize his profit and...
Reporter: The two Qatari students were 9)outspoken about the conditions migrants face in their country and the government’s response. You heard Noor. Here’s her fellow Qatari, 19-year-old Mohammed.
Mohammed: When we’re talking about the migration issue, there was some basis—I’m, I do not agree with the sponsorship program. I must make this clear. I do believe that it is restricting them with, from basic rights; they should have the right—any right that I have that he is deprived from is some kind of class 10)differentiation, which should not exist.
Reporter: A right, for example, to return home and then come back?
Mohammed: To return home, for example. This is, this is the main concern. This is, if the worker does not feel that he is content with the place that he is working, then he should have the right to leave.
记者:卡塔尔是一个君主专制的国家,由阿勒萨尼家族统治,并未设有国会。卡塔尔也是全世界最大的液化天然气输出国。从人均角度来说,卡塔尔人非常富有,因为他们的人数实在太少了——全国只有26万本地人,在仅仅超过两百万的总人口中只占了一小部分。该国在向现代化迈进的过程中产生了一个矛盾:他们对政治改革毫无兴趣,却对年轻人的教育非常重视。就目前而言,卡塔尔用钱解决了这个鲜明的矛盾。
作为王室成员之一,谢哈·艾莎·本·法莱·本·纳赛尔·阿勒萨尼博士是高等教育委员会的一员,其名下拥有好几所私立学校。她希望自己的孩子能接受第一流的高等教育。
谢哈·艾莎:我有两个女儿,她俩是最小的孩子。我的几个儿子当年是在英国接受教育的,不过轮到女儿的时候,我特别担心。我该将她们送去哪里好呢?不能送去英国,美国也不好。而姐妹俩其中的一个——她很想去美国念书。
记者:结果,谢哈·艾莎的女儿进了(美国)西北大学,但不是在伊利诺伊州的埃文斯顿,而是在教育城(简称EC)里的西北大学分校,该教育城就设在多哈。是让孩子出去接受美式教育,还是将他们留在国内上大学——卡塔尔人并无需二者择一,他们要的是两全其美。教育城内设有西北大学、德克萨斯A&M大学、卡内基梅隆大学、弗吉尼亚联邦大学、康奈尔大学医学院,以及乔治城大学外交学院等分机构,它们都是可授予学位的院系。
迈赫兰·卡姆拉瓦:我们所在的乔治城大楼在2010年正式落成,这是教育城里最宏伟的建筑物之一。
记者:迈赫兰·卡姆拉瓦教授是一名美国人,他在乔治城大学多哈分校教政治学。这所学院设备豪华,实行男女同校。卡姆拉瓦教授的七名乔治城大学的学生坐下来和我聊天。眼下,众多外籍劳工正在卡塔尔为2022年世界杯修建基础设施,而卡塔尔在外籍劳工问题上正饱受批评,我就此询问学生们的看法。
针对外籍劳工,各种指责包括不安全的工作环境,带有误导性的合同,以及让外籍劳工受控于雇主的保证人制度。保证人制度通常要求工人将护照交给老板保管,未经允许不得离职,也不能离开卡塔尔。面对这一指责,当地政府以及世界杯组委会表示震惊,承诺会作出改善。乔治城大学的学生们则对此表示怀疑。大一的努尔是卡塔尔人,我们先来听听她怎么看。
努尔:他们应该深感其责,政府经常说问题仍在调查当中,对吧?但政府其实很清楚为什么这个问题……我的意思是,政府在……
记者:英国《卫报》几周前刊登了这个报道,政府看到消息后感到震惊,并表示将会采取行动。你不相信这个说法吗?你认为他们不会……

努尔:是的,我不相信。我认为他们不可能对这个问题一无所知。我觉得这根本不可能。我认为许多问题的根源在于政府的政策措施,还源自于政府将所有权力归于一个人,而他……我也不好说,就是你的兄弟或者兄弟的朋友之类,让他大权在握,可以为所欲为,尽可能地谋取私利……
记者:这两名卡塔尔学生对外籍劳工在这个国家所面临的处境以及政府的回应直言不讳。你刚听到的是努尔的看法。以下是她19岁的卡塔尔同胞穆罕默德的看法。
穆罕默德:谈到外劳问题时,很基本的一条就是——我并不认同保证人措施,我要首先声明这一点。我认为这个做法限制了工人们最基本的权利,他们理应拥有这个权利——他们理应拥有和我一样的权利,剥夺这个权利就是阶级分化的表现,这是不应该存在的现象。
记者:比如说,回国再回来(工作)的权利?穆罕默德:比如说回国的权利,这是主要问题。如果工人对他所工作的地方并不满意,他应该拥有离职的权利。
翻译:思苇

2010年12月2日,国际足联主席布拉特在苏黎世宣布,卡塔尔获得2022年世界杯举办权。这届被称为史上最奢华的世界杯,预算高达2200亿美元。2013年9月,英国《卫报》经过调查揭露,在卡塔尔世界杯基础工程的建设过程中,已有近600名劳工死亡,大量来自尼泊尔的劳工死于事故、心脏病和心力衰竭,遭受着难以忍受的侮辱、谩骂与剥削,有相当多的人甚至拿不到酬劳,其生存状况之恶劣让外媒称他们为“世界杯奴隶”。
作为外来劳工使用率最高的国家,卡塔尔90%的工作岗位由外籍劳工担任,而在修建世界杯需要的球场、道路、港口的过程中,可能会使用超过150万的劳工。
Dr. Sheikha Aisha Bin Faleh Bin Nasser Al-Thani is a member of the ruling family. Sheikha Aisha sits on the Supreme Education Council and she owns a few independent schools. For her own children, she wanted a top-flight college education.
Sheikha Aisha: I have two daughters. They’re the youngest and then, my sons, they got educated in Britain. But when it came to my daughters, I was worried. Where will I send them? I can’t send them to England. I can’t send them to the States. And one of them was—she wanted to go to the States.
Reporter: In the end, Sheikha Aisha’s daughter went to Northwestern, but not in Evanston, Illinois. She went to Northwestern’s branch in Education City, EC for short, right in Doha. Rather than have to choose between a U.S. education and keeping their kids at home, the Qataris opted to have it both ways. EC is home to degree-granting departments from Northwestern, Texas A&M, Carnegie Mellon, Virginia Commonwealth, Cornell Medical School and the Georgetown University School of Foreign Service.
Mehran Kamrava: We’re in the Georgetown building which was 4)inaugurated in 2010, one of the biggest buildings in all of Education City.

Reporter: Professor Mehran Kamrava, an American, teaches political science at Georgetown-Doha. It is a splendidly equipped, 5)coeducational institution. Seven of Professor Kamrava’s Georgetown students sat down to talk with me. I asked them about foreign migrant workers who are building infrastructure for the 2022 World Cup and the criticism Qatar has received about them.
6)Allegations of unsafe working conditions, misleading contracts and a system of 7)sponsorship by which migrants are bound to their employers, they typically hand over their passports to the boss and can’t leave the job or the country without permission. In the face of this criticism, the government and the World Cup committee said they’re shocked and they’ll fix things. Well, the Georgetown students were 8)skeptical. We’ll hear first from Noor, a freshman who is Qatari. Noor: There should be a great feeling of responsibility, and I think often the government is investigating the problem, right? But the government knows exactly why the problem—I mean the government is...
Reporter: When they read the story in The Guardian a few weeks ago and said we’re shocked, we’re going to do something about this, you don’t believe them? You don’t think they...
Noor: No, I don’t. I don’t think it’s possible to not have known about the problem. I really don’t think it’s possible. And I think that a lot of the problems arise from government policy and giving all the power to, you know, one person who is, I don’t know, your brother or your brother’s friend or whatever and letting him have all the power and then him doing whatever he can to maximize his profit and...
Reporter: The two Qatari students were 9)outspoken about the conditions migrants face in their country and the government’s response. You heard Noor. Here’s her fellow Qatari, 19-year-old Mohammed.
Mohammed: When we’re talking about the migration issue, there was some basis—I’m, I do not agree with the sponsorship program. I must make this clear. I do believe that it is restricting them with, from basic rights; they should have the right—any right that I have that he is deprived from is some kind of class 10)differentiation, which should not exist.
Reporter: A right, for example, to return home and then come back?
Mohammed: To return home, for example. This is, this is the main concern. This is, if the worker does not feel that he is content with the place that he is working, then he should have the right to leave.
记者:卡塔尔是一个君主专制的国家,由阿勒萨尼家族统治,并未设有国会。卡塔尔也是全世界最大的液化天然气输出国。从人均角度来说,卡塔尔人非常富有,因为他们的人数实在太少了——全国只有26万本地人,在仅仅超过两百万的总人口中只占了一小部分。该国在向现代化迈进的过程中产生了一个矛盾:他们对政治改革毫无兴趣,却对年轻人的教育非常重视。就目前而言,卡塔尔用钱解决了这个鲜明的矛盾。
作为王室成员之一,谢哈·艾莎·本·法莱·本·纳赛尔·阿勒萨尼博士是高等教育委员会的一员,其名下拥有好几所私立学校。她希望自己的孩子能接受第一流的高等教育。
谢哈·艾莎:我有两个女儿,她俩是最小的孩子。我的几个儿子当年是在英国接受教育的,不过轮到女儿的时候,我特别担心。我该将她们送去哪里好呢?不能送去英国,美国也不好。而姐妹俩其中的一个——她很想去美国念书。
记者:结果,谢哈·艾莎的女儿进了(美国)西北大学,但不是在伊利诺伊州的埃文斯顿,而是在教育城(简称EC)里的西北大学分校,该教育城就设在多哈。是让孩子出去接受美式教育,还是将他们留在国内上大学——卡塔尔人并无需二者择一,他们要的是两全其美。教育城内设有西北大学、德克萨斯A&M大学、卡内基梅隆大学、弗吉尼亚联邦大学、康奈尔大学医学院,以及乔治城大学外交学院等分机构,它们都是可授予学位的院系。
迈赫兰·卡姆拉瓦:我们所在的乔治城大楼在2010年正式落成,这是教育城里最宏伟的建筑物之一。
记者:迈赫兰·卡姆拉瓦教授是一名美国人,他在乔治城大学多哈分校教政治学。这所学院设备豪华,实行男女同校。卡姆拉瓦教授的七名乔治城大学的学生坐下来和我聊天。眼下,众多外籍劳工正在卡塔尔为2022年世界杯修建基础设施,而卡塔尔在外籍劳工问题上正饱受批评,我就此询问学生们的看法。
针对外籍劳工,各种指责包括不安全的工作环境,带有误导性的合同,以及让外籍劳工受控于雇主的保证人制度。保证人制度通常要求工人将护照交给老板保管,未经允许不得离职,也不能离开卡塔尔。面对这一指责,当地政府以及世界杯组委会表示震惊,承诺会作出改善。乔治城大学的学生们则对此表示怀疑。大一的努尔是卡塔尔人,我们先来听听她怎么看。
努尔:他们应该深感其责,政府经常说问题仍在调查当中,对吧?但政府其实很清楚为什么这个问题……我的意思是,政府在……
记者:英国《卫报》几周前刊登了这个报道,政府看到消息后感到震惊,并表示将会采取行动。你不相信这个说法吗?你认为他们不会……

努尔:是的,我不相信。我认为他们不可能对这个问题一无所知。我觉得这根本不可能。我认为许多问题的根源在于政府的政策措施,还源自于政府将所有权力归于一个人,而他……我也不好说,就是你的兄弟或者兄弟的朋友之类,让他大权在握,可以为所欲为,尽可能地谋取私利……
记者:这两名卡塔尔学生对外籍劳工在这个国家所面临的处境以及政府的回应直言不讳。你刚听到的是努尔的看法。以下是她19岁的卡塔尔同胞穆罕默德的看法。
穆罕默德:谈到外劳问题时,很基本的一条就是——我并不认同保证人措施,我要首先声明这一点。我认为这个做法限制了工人们最基本的权利,他们理应拥有这个权利——他们理应拥有和我一样的权利,剥夺这个权利就是阶级分化的表现,这是不应该存在的现象。
记者:比如说,回国再回来(工作)的权利?穆罕默德:比如说回国的权利,这是主要问题。如果工人对他所工作的地方并不满意,他应该拥有离职的权利。
翻译:思苇

2010年12月2日,国际足联主席布拉特在苏黎世宣布,卡塔尔获得2022年世界杯举办权。这届被称为史上最奢华的世界杯,预算高达2200亿美元。2013年9月,英国《卫报》经过调查揭露,在卡塔尔世界杯基础工程的建设过程中,已有近600名劳工死亡,大量来自尼泊尔的劳工死于事故、心脏病和心力衰竭,遭受着难以忍受的侮辱、谩骂与剥削,有相当多的人甚至拿不到酬劳,其生存状况之恶劣让外媒称他们为“世界杯奴隶”。
作为外来劳工使用率最高的国家,卡塔尔90%的工作岗位由外籍劳工担任,而在修建世界杯需要的球场、道路、港口的过程中,可能会使用超过150万的劳工。