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1861年至1865年进行的南北战争,是美国历史上损失最为巨大的战争。双方投入超过350万士兵,有75万士兵死亡,死于战争的平民数量无法统计。美国内战作为美国历史上重要的转折期,根本性的影响了其后美国一百余年的发展轨迹。这一时期,也是美国高等教育的重要转折期。1862年美国国会通过的《莫雷尔法案》,给战后美国高等教育发展带来了巨大的促进,极大地改变了美国的高等教育面貌。这一时期,还是美国的南方军事学校发挥重大作用和转变的重要时期。南方各州的军校在战前蓬勃发展,战后则逐渐归于平静。梳理这一过程,有助于进一步强化我们对在时代大环境变革情况下的美国教育发展的认识和理解。
The Civil War that took place between 1861 and 1865 was the most devastating war in the history of the United States. More than 3.5 million soldiers and 750000 soldiers died on both sides, and the number of civilians who died in the war can not be counted. The U.S. civil war, as an important turning point in the history of the United States, has fundamentally affected the subsequent development trajectory of the United States over a hundred years. This period is also an important turning point in higher education in the United States. The “Morrell Act” passed by the U.S. Congress in 1862 brought a tremendous boost to the post-war development of American higher education and greatly changed the appearance of higher education in the United States. During this period, it was also an important period where the U.S. military schools in the south played a major role and changed. Military schools in the southern states thrived before the war, and gradually returned to peace after the war. Combining this process helps to further reinforce our understanding and understanding of the educational development of the United States in the light of the changing circumstances of the time.