目的:建立一种准确、快速、高效鉴别人参属药用植物的分子鉴别方法。方法:采集不同产地的人参、西洋参及同属近缘种植物,所有样品进行总DNA的提取并使用mat K片段进行扩增、测序,进行同源比对后根据其变异位点设计西洋参特异性鉴别引物,人参以文献报道的特异鉴别引物为基础,分别采用两步法进行PCR扩增,从而对人参、西洋参及同属近缘种进行鉴别。结果:通过对影响PCR反应时间的退火温度、变性温度、退火时间、变性时间、循环次数等因素进行优化,并对不同型号PCR仪进行考察,分别获得人参、西洋参快速PCR反应程序。在PCR产物中加入SYBR GreenⅠ染料,正品显示出明亮绿色荧光,而近缘种不显示荧光。结论:快速PCR方法可以简单快速鉴别人参、西洋参,为实现药材分子鉴别的现场运用提供技术支撑。 Objective: To establish an accurate, rapid and efficient identification of Panax species is a molecular identification of medicinal plants. Methods: Ginseng, American ginseng and their related species from different habitats were collected. Total DNA was extracted from all the samples and mat K fragment was amplified and sequenced. After homologous comparison, panax ginseng was identified according to its variation sites Primer and ginseng are based on the specific differential primers reported in the literature, and PCR amplification is performed by two-step method respectively to identify the ginseng, American ginseng and related species. Results: The factors such as annealing temperature, denaturation temperature, annealing time, denaturation time, number of cycles and so on were optimized, and different types of PCR machines were investigated to obtain the rapid PCR reaction program of ginseng and American ginseng respectively. The SYBR Green I dye was added to the PCR product, which showed bright green fluorescence in the authentic sample, while the relative species did not show fluorescence. Conclusion: The rapid PCR method can quickly and easily identify ginseng and American ginseng and provide technical support for the field application of molecular identification of medicinal materials.