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河西地区危害小麦的蚜虫,以麦二叉蚜[Toxopfera graminum(Rondani)]为主,其次是麦长管蚜(Macrosiphum granarium kirby)。麦二叉蚜全年繁殖20—22代,麦长管蚜繁殖18—20代,均以卵在冬麦田内的前作残茬管中越冬,三月中、下旬孵化,五月上旬出现翅蚜飞迁春麦田,六月中、下旬转迁高粱、糜子田为害,九月下旬再迁回冬麦田,十月中、下旬出现性蚜,交尾产卵越冬。麦二叉蚜和麦长管蚜是麦类黄矮病的传病媒介。黄矮病对麦类产量影响极大,三叶期感病严重的减产90%以上,拔节至孕穗期感病减产25—50%,抽穗后感病约减产15%。应坚持在两前阶段(产卵前、春季飞迁前)防冶麦蚜:采用3911、灭蚜松拌种,将其歼灭在产卵之前;四月中下旬冬麦返青后,喷洒乐果等将其歼灭在飞迁之前。应尽快研究利用天敌昆虫和治蚜微生物等措施,开展综合防治,进一步控制麦蚜和黄矮癍的为害。
The aphids that endanger wheat in the Hexi area are mainly Toxopfera graminum (Rondani), followed by Macrosiphum granarium kirby. Wheat aphid breeding 20-22 generations throughout the year, wheat aphid propagation 18-20 generations, all eggs in the winter wheat field before the stubble tube winter, hatch in mid-March, late in the first winged aphids Feiqian spring wheat fields, in mid-June transfer of sorghum, millet fields damage, and later moved back to the winter wheat field in late September, mid-October, late sexual aphids, copulation end of winter. Wheat aphid and wheat aphid are wheat yellow dwarf disease vector. Yellow dwarf disease has a great impact on the yield of wheat, 90% of which is severe in the trefoil stage, 25-50% in the stage of emergence and booting, and about 15% in the post-heading stage. Should be persisted in the two previous stages (before spawning, before the spring fly home) anti-malnutrition wheat aphids: 3911, off aphids pine seed dressing, annihilated before spawning; April mid-winter wheat regreening, spraying dimethoate Etc. annihilated it before flying. As soon as possible the use of natural enemies of insects and cure aphid microorganisms and other measures to carry out comprehensive prevention and control to further control the wheat aphids and yellow dwarf disease.