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家户等价规模反映了不同规模和年龄结构组成家户与参照家户获得相同消费福利时,所需必要消费的换算比例。因此,在比较这些家户的个体生活水准时,常使用家户等价规模来进行调整,以便能够精确识别贫困人口,准确评估贫困和不平等程度。本文使用中国健康与养老追踪调查2013年数据,基于主观福利评价的思路,估计了不同规模和年龄结构组成家户的等价成人规模。在仅考虑家户人口规模时,城镇家户的规模经济系数为0.751,农村家户为0.647,表明城镇家庭消费支出的规模经济程度低于农村家户,体现了不同的消费特征。而在加入家庭成员年龄结构的影响后,得到成年人计算等价成人规模的折算系数为0.389,未成年人为0.521,体现了家户中成年人和未成年人各自的生活成本。这些估计参数可供政策制定者及研究者在进行家户间生活水准比较以及扶贫援助项目时予以参考。
The household scale reflects the conversion ratio of the necessary consumption when the same consumption benefits are obtained for households and reference households with different size and age structure. Therefore, when comparing the individual living standards of these households, the household-based equivalent scale is often used to make adjustments to accurately identify the poor and accurately assess poverty and inequality. Based on the 2013 data from the China Health and End-of-Life Tracing Survey, based on the idea of subjective well-being evaluation, this paper estimates the equivalent adult size of household members with different scales and ages. When considering only the household size, the scale economy coefficient of urban households is 0.751, and that of rural households is 0.647, indicating that the scale economy of urban household consumption expenditure is lower than that of rural households and reflects different consumption characteristics. After joining the age structure of family members, the coefficient of conversion for calculating the adult scale is 0.389 for adults and 0.521 for minors, which reflects the cost of living for both adults and minors. These estimated parameters can be used by policy makers and researchers for reference in comparing household living standards and poverty alleviation projects.