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[目的]了解开平市接触噪声危害工人的职业健康状况,为指导开平市企业预防控制职业性噪声聋提供数据。[方法]按照《职业健康监护技术规范》(GBZ 188-2014)的规定,对在岗噪声作业人员进行职业健康体检,分析纯音听阈测试结果异常情况。[结果]1 083人中检出疑似职业性噪声聋13例,职业禁忌证45例。发现高频听阈升高457人,检出率为42.20%,其中双耳高频平均听阈升高大于40 d B者111人。男性纯音测定异常检出率高于女性,无个体防护者高于有个体防护者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);异常检出率有随着工龄的增长而增加的趋势(P<0.01)。[结论]职业性噪声聋的防治应由企业和职防部门共同参与,开平市的预防工作应以男性、工龄10年以上的工人为重点,强调加强个体防护,并做好健康监护。
[Objective] To understand the occupational health status of workers exposed to noise in Kaiping City and provide data for guiding the prevention and control of occupational noise in Kaiping City. [Methods] According to the provisions of “Technical Regulation of Occupational Health Monitoring” (GBZ 188-2014), occupational health examinations were conducted on working noise of on-the-job workers to analyze the anomalies of pure tone hearing threshold test results. [Results] Among the 1,083 people, 13 cases of suspected occupational noise deafness and 45 cases of occupational contraindications were detected. Found that high-frequency threshold increased 457 people, the detection rate was 42.20%, in which high-frequency binaural hearing threshold increased more than 40 d B were 111 people. The detection rate of male pure tone abnormality was higher than that of female, but no individual protective person was higher than that of individual protective person (P <0.01). The abnormality detection rate increased with the increase of seniority (P <0.01). [Conclusion] Prevention and treatment of occupational noise-induced deafness should be jointly participated by enterprises and demobilization departments. The preventive work in Kaiping should focus on male and workers who have worked for more than 10 years. Emphasis should be laid on strengthening individual protection and performing health guardianship.