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在欧美国家,社会创业理论与实践是伴随着福利国家危机的不断深化而兴起和发展的,这对于转型期的中国具有一定的启发和借鉴价值。从学理上界定社会创业的基本维度是两个,即“社会企业维度”和“社会创新维度”。前者的判据是非营利组织以商业化的运作赚取收入来持续性地支持组织使命的履行;后者强调创新性地整合和转换各种资源以获得社会产出(不局限于商业化的运作方式)。社会创业的基本生发机制是“个体行为机制”和“制度环境机制”。欧美学术界的相关研究对我们具有的启发和借鉴意义在于:对社会创业及社会创业家应当有全面和合理的认知;对社会企业家赚取收入的能力应当予以高度重视;应当加强社会创业与社会改革的功能;积极营造社会创业的制度环境。
In Europe and the United States, the theory and practice of social entrepreneurship have arisen and developed along with the deepening crisis of the welfare state, which has some enlightenment and reference value for China in transition. From the theoretical definition of social entrepreneurship is the basic two dimensions, namely “social enterprise dimension ” and “social innovation dimension ”. The former’s criterion is that NPOs sustainably support the fulfillment of organizational mission by earning income from commercial operations; the latter emphasizes the innovative integration and conversion of resources for social output (not limited to the commercial operation the way). The basic mechanism of social entrepreneurship is “individual behavior mechanism ” and “system environment mechanism ”. The relevant research in Europe and the United States has some enlightenment and reference significance to us: we should have a comprehensive and reasonable understanding of social entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship; we should attach great importance to the ability of social entrepreneurs to earn income; and we should strengthen social entrepreneurship And the function of social reform; actively create a social environment for entrepreneurial system.