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随着系统科学方法向现代科学知识诸领域的渗透,这种方法当然不会置伦理学于不顾。系统科学方法的独特功能在于,借助它可以对至今无法列入逻辑范围的大量经验材料加以整理和分类。根据我们的看法,如果把系统科学的原理同人文思维方式的标准与规范有机地结合起来,将会有可能促使人们发现伦理学研究的新层次。近年来某些把道德问题作为系统来研究的尝试就是这方面的说明。不过,人们至今尚未把道德作为某种完整的调节系统加以研究,尚未揭示出发生在各个层次中的道德过程是怎样同个人自身及其环境相互作用的。理论伦理学的迫切任务应当是对在现实社会生活中起作用的道德,即“活动中的道德”加以研究。基于这种认识,本文将根据对道德过程的结构与功能的多视角的系统分析,并吸收文化学、社会学、普通心理学和社会心理学的研究成果,试图填补一下这方面的空白。
With the infiltration of systems science methods into various fields of modern scientific knowledge, this method certainly does not ignore ethics. The unique function of systems science methods is that it can be used to collate and classify a large amount of empirical material that has so far failed to be included in the logic. According to our opinion, combining the principles of system science with the standards and norms of humanistic mode of thinking will make it possible to prompt people to discover a new level of ethics research. In recent years, some attempts to study ethical issues as a system have been illustrative in this respect. However, so far no one has studied morality as a complete system of regulation, yet it has not revealed how the moral processes that occur at all levels interact with the individuals themselves and their environment. The urgent task of theoretical ethics should be to study the morality that plays a role in the real social life, that is, “morality in activities”. Based on this understanding, based on the systematic analysis of the structure and function of moral process from multiple perspectives, this article attempts to fill the gap in this field by absorbing the research results of culture, sociology, general psychology and social psychology.