复杂构造的地震响应是非常复杂的,这就需要作横向反演(地震偏移)。图1说明了地震资料的复杂性。首先,震源波以放射状向外传播,经过了大片地层,因此一个源可映照许多不均匀点块(反射层、绕射点),使得一次激发引起的响应包含着许多不均匀体的响应。其次,每个不均匀点又作为二次点源映照着地表相当一个区域。这样,地表接收到的总响应为一种非常复杂的迭加模式。这种模式在水平层状介质模型时是最简单的,偏离这一模型愈甚,地 The seismic response of complex structures is very complex, which requires lateral inversion (seismic offset). Figure 1 illustrates the complexity of seismic data. First, the source wave propagates radially out through a large number of formations so that one source can reflect many inhomogeneous patches (reflector, diffraction spot) so that the response of a single excitation involves many inhomogeneous responses. Secondly, each non-uniform point is also reflected as a secondary point source with a considerable area of ​​the earth’s surface. In this way, the total response received by the surface is a very complex pattern of overlay. This model is the simplest in the horizontal layered media model, the more deviations from this model