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目的 2012年宁波市麻疹野毒株流行病学和分子生物学特征。方法对2012年宁波麻疹发病情况进行描述流行病学分析;并对麻疹野毒株核蛋白基因碳末端450个核苷酸进行扩增,测序后与基因库中麻疹病毒各基因型参考株作比对分析。结果麻疹发病季节主要集中在3月-6月。宁波市发病率居前3位的是鄞州区(10.46/10万)、江东区(10.36/10万)和海曙区(9.36/10万)。宁波市麻疹的高发年龄呈小年龄儿童和成年人,发病病人中<8月龄占病例总数的30.60%(127/415);≥15周岁占病例总数的55.66%(231/415)。宁波市分离的2株麻疹野毒株为H1a基因亚型,与2008年宁波分离株同源性为97.8%~98.2%,与H1a亚型参考株china93-4的同源性为98.7%~98.9%,与H1b亚型参考株china94-7的同源性为96.7%~96.9%,与中国疫苗株S191同源性为92.0%~92.2%。结论麻疹常规免疫接种率和首针及时接种率不高,是宁波市麻疹高发的主要原因。2012年宁波分离的麻疹毒株主要为H1a亚型。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological and molecular biological characteristics of measles wild strains in Ningbo City in 2012. Methods Epidemiological analysis of the incidence of measles in Ningbo in 2012 was carried out. 450 nucleotides of the carbon end of the nucleocapsid gene of wild measles virus were amplified and compared with the reference strains of genotypes of measles virus Analysis. Results The season of measles onset mainly concentrated in March-June. Ningbo City, the top three incidence is Yinzhou District (10.46 / 100,000), Jiangdong District (10.36 / 100,000) and Haishu District (9.36 / 100,000). Ningbo City, the high incidence of measles was a small age children and adults, the incidence of patients <8 months accounted for 30.60% (127/415) of the total number of cases; ≥ 15 years of age accounted for 55.66% (231/415) of the total number of cases. The two isolates of measles virus in Ningbo were H1a subtype, with homology of 97.8% ~ 98.2% with Ningbo isolate in 2008 and 98.7% ~ 98.9 with H1 %. The homology was 96.7% ~ 96.9% with the reference strain china94-7 of H1b subtype and the homology with Chinese vaccine strain S191 was 92.0% ~ 92.2%. Conclusion The routine immunization rate of measles and the first vaccination in time are not high, which is the main reason for the high incidence of measles in Ningbo. Measles strains isolated in Ningbo in 2012 were mainly H1 subtype.