笛根关于复杂系统的突现与下向因果关系的三阶梯观点具有启发意义,但忽略了负反馈的思想。因此,在笛根的正反馈观点的基础上,运用标准的控制论形式提出一个带两个正因果链和三个负反馈环,并向更高反馈环开放的控制图式,可以更好地概括和理解具有多层级控制关系的突现及其下向因果关系。 The three-ladder perspective of the root cause and the relation between emergent and downward causalities of complex systems is instructive, ignoring the idea of ​​negative feedback. Therefore, based on the positive feedback view of Catkin, a control scheme with two positive causal chains and three negative feedback loops, which are open to the higher feedback loop, is proposed using standard cybernetics, Summarize and understand emergencies and their causal relationships with multi-level control relationships.