[目的]发展一种环境友好和具有缓释性能的印楝素水分散制剂。[方法]以天然高分子壳聚糖(CS)和羧甲基壳聚糖(CMC)为载体,通过正负电荷的相互作用,制备了负载印楝素纳米粒子水分散液。表征了载药纳米粒子的性能如粒径、多分散指数(PDI)、Zeta电位值、负载率和形态结构,考察了几种影响性能的因素。[结果]负载印楝素的纳米粒子为球形,尺寸为200～350 nm,PDI约为0.500,药物负载率最高可达55%。[结论]CMC和CS合适的溶液质量浓度和用量是形成纳米子的基本条件。当其固定时,随印楝素质量浓度增加,载药粒子的粒径增大,PDI变宽,负载率降低。 [Objective] To develop a kind of azadirachtin water dispersible preparation which is environment-friendly and has sustained-release property. [Method] With natural chitosan (CS) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) as carriers, the aqueous dispersion of azadirachtin loaded nanoparticles was prepared by the interaction of positive and negative charges. Characterization of drug-loaded nanoparticles such as particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), Zeta potential value, load rate and morphological structure, investigated several factors that affect performance. [Result] The nanoparticles loaded with azadirachtin were spherical with a size of 200-350 nm and a PDI of about 0.500. The drug loading rate was up to 55%. [Conclusion] The suitable solution concentration and dosage of CMC and CS are the basic conditions for the formation of nano-particles. When it was fixed, with the increase of the concentration of azadirachtin, the particle size of drug-loaded particles increased, PDI broadened, and the loading rate decreased.