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镉是一种环境重金属污染物,在环境中不能进行生物降解,在人体内半衰期长达10-30年。骨骼是镉的重要靶器官,已有研究证实镉是诱发骨密度降低和骨质疏松症发生的危险因素之一。本文综述了镉暴露对人体骨骼影响的国内外相关文献。结果表明,镉暴露对人体骨骼的影响因目标人群的不同而存在差异,且主要受影响人群为中老年人,因此研究时应对目标人群进行合理分组,将镉污染区内尿镉浓度较高的人群划分为高暴露组较为合适。此外,高钙摄入量是人体骨密度的保护因素,但是目前罕有研究将目标人群的钙摄入量的状况和镉暴露状况相结合考虑,这可能造成了对镉暴露所致骨质疏松症和骨折的风险的高估,研究中应一同考虑目标人群的钙摄入量状况,才能对镉暴露所致骨质疏松症和骨折的风险作出正确评估。
Cadmium is an environmental heavy metal pollutant that can not be biodegraded in the environment and has a half-life of up to 10-30 years in humans. Bone is an important target organ of cadmium. It has been confirmed that cadmium is one of the risk factors for reducing bone mineral density and osteoporosis. This article reviews the domestic and international literature on the effects of cadmium exposure on human bones. The results showed that the impact of cadmium exposure on human bones vary with the target population, and the main affected population is middle-aged and elderly. Therefore, the target population should be rationally grouped and the cadmium concentration in the cadmium-contaminated area should be higher Population is divided into high-exposure group is more appropriate. In addition, high calcium intake is a protective factor of human bone mineral density, but the current rare study of the target population calcium intake status and cadmium exposure combined with the situation, which may result in cadmium exposure caused by osteoporosis And the overestimation of the risk of fracture, the study should consider the status of calcium intake of the target population in order to correctly assess the risk of osteoporosis and fracture caused by exposure to cadmium.