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县级的基层治理在整个国家的治理体系中起到基础性的作用,然而县治问题又是一个十分复杂的问题。它一方面涉及央地关系和县与省、市、村镇的纵向关系;另一方面在水平层面上县的角色、功能和行为模式也深刻地影响着县的治理效果。通过对县的纵向关系和横向治理的梳理,我们可以看出,县域治理现阶段出现的种种问题和乱象在本质上可以归结为法律与政治、理想与现实的撕裂。本文试图从纵向和横向两个层面理顺县在整个治理体系中的结构关系和其本身的治理之道。从宪法本身出发,提出了“一体、多元、共治”的治理思路,为县域的治理找到一条县治与宪治之路。
Grassroots governance at the county level has played a fundamental role in the governance system of the entire country, yet the issue of county government is a very complicated one. On the one hand, it relates to the relationship between the central government and the county and the vertical relationship between the province, city and village. On the other hand, the county’s role, function and mode of behavior at the horizontal level also have a profound impact on the county’s governance. Through the combing of the county’s vertical relations and horizontal governance, we can see that the problems and chaos emerging at the present stage of county governance can be attributed to the rip-off of law and politics, ideals and reality. This article tries to straighten out the county’s structural relations and its own governance in both the vertical and horizontal directions. Based on the constitution itself, this paper puts forward the idea of “one entity, pluralism and common rule”, and finds a way for county governance and constitutional government for the governance of the county.