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目的了解西溪国家湿地公园人群血吸虫病感染情况和血吸虫病防治知识(简称血防知识)知晓情况,掌握血吸虫病传播的潜在危险因素。方法在西溪国家湿地公园内随机选择6~65岁的来自湖南、湖北、江西等传播未阻断省份的1 500名调查对象作为疫区组,按年龄相差不超过5岁的匹配原则选择1 500名非上述省份人员作为对照。对所有调查对象开展问卷调查和血清学初筛,阳性者再以尼龙绢袋集卵孵化法进行粪检。应用χ2检验、非条件logistic回归法进行数据分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果有效调查问卷3 006份,疫区组和非疫区组各1 503人,平均年龄(30.26±6.38)岁。血吸虫血清学检验阳性率为0.63%(19/3 006),疫区组阳性率(1.00%)高于非疫区组(0.27%)。对阳性者进行尼龙袋绢集卵孵化法粪检,均为阴性。居民血防知识知晓率为56.02%,单因素分析,性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、在杭州居住时间对知晓率的影响差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.623、16.618、110.279、9.653,P均<0.05),来源地与知晓率无关(χ2=0.005,P>0.05)。经多因素分析,年龄在30岁以上(30~40岁OR=1.817,40~50岁OR=2.142,50~岁OR=2.839)、文化程度越高(初中OR=3.455,高中OR=5.396,大专及以上OR=12.142)、非农业工作者(OR=1.355)的知晓率较高。结论外来输入性传染源和相对低水平的血防知识掌握程度是西溪湿地血吸虫病潜在流行的主要隐患。
Objective To understand the status of schistosomiasis infection and the knowledge of prevention and treatment of schistosomiasis in Xixi National Wetland Park and to find out the potential risk factors of schistosomiasis transmission. Methods A total of 1 500 respondents from 6 to 65 years old from non-blocking provinces such as Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi were randomly selected in the Xixi National Wetland Park as affected areas and 1 500 according to the matching principle that the difference of age is less than 5 years Non-members of the above provinces as a control. Questionnaires and serological preliminary tests were carried out on all the subjects, and positive tests were performed with nylon silk bag egg hatching method. Chi-square test and non-conditional logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results There were 3 006 valid questionnaires, 1 503 people in the affected area and 1 in the non-infected area, with an average age of 30.26 ± 6.38 years. The positive rate of schistosoma serological test was 0.63% (19/3 006), the positive rate of epidemic area (1.00%) was higher than that of non-infected area (0.27%). Nylon bags were positive for silk hatching egg hatching manure, were negative. The awareness rate of residents’ knowledge of blood-borne diseases was 56.02%. Univariate analysis, sex, age, education level and occupation showed significant differences in their awareness of living-time awareness rate (χ2 = 4.623,16.618,110.279,9.653, P < 0.05). The origin was not related to the awareness rate (χ2 = 0.005, P> 0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that the educational level was higher (OR = 3.455 for junior high school, OR = 5.396 for high school, OR = 12.142 at college degree or above), non-agricultural workers (OR = 1.355) had higher awareness rates. Conclusion The main sources of potential epidemics of schistosomiasis in Xixi Wetland are the degree of mastery of knowledge of imported sources of infectious agents and a relatively low level of knowledge of blood-borne diseases.