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在野外水分动态监测的基础上,采用美国盐土实验室开发的SPAC模型,对黄河三角洲湿地土壤水分运移规律进行了模拟。通过情景模拟,在0.5 m、0.75 m、1 m、1.25 m、1.5 m、1.75 m、2 m、2.5 m和3 m地下水埋深时,观察距离地表10 cm、30 cm和60 cm深度处土壤含水率的变化,获得了黄河三角洲湿地的地下水安全水位(1m)、敏感水位(1.25 m)和警戒水位(3 m);分别计算了黄河三角洲湿地在春季、夏季和秋季满足地下水水位达到敏感水位和警戒水位时的高、中和低目标等级的生态缺水量。研究结果显示,黄河三角洲湿地在1.25 m和3 m地下水埋深条件下的中目标生态缺水量分别为0.91×108m3和3.20×108m3,夏季的缺水量大于春季和秋季,主要是由于夏季的蒸发量最大,远远大于夏季降水量,土壤中的水分流失量最快。
Based on the field moisture dynamic monitoring, the SPAC model developed by the American Saline Soil Laboratory was used to simulate the soil moisture transport in the Yellow River Delta. The soil depths at 10 cm, 30 cm and 60 cm from the ground surface were observed under 0.5 m, 0.75 m, 1 m, 1.25 m, 1.5 m, 1.75 m, 2 m, 2.5 m and 3 m groundwater depth (1 m), sensitive water level (1.25 m) and warning water level (3 m) of the Yellow River Delta wetlands were calculated. The results show that when the groundwater level in the Yellow River Delta reaches the sensitive water level in spring, summer and autumn respectively, And warning water level when the high, medium and low target level of ecological water deficit. The results show that the target ecological water deficit in the Yellow River Delta wetlands at the depths of 1.25 m and 3 m is 0.91 × 108m3 and 3.20 × 108m3 respectively. The water deficit in summer is greater than that in spring and autumn, mainly due to the summer Evaporation of the largest, far greater than the summer precipitation, the fastest water loss in soil.