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意大利学者雷纳托.波焦利是20世纪中期西方先锋理论界最早对先锋艺术进行全面论述的学者之一。他在1962年出版的《先锋理论》(Teoria dell’arte d’avanguardia)一书中,从先锋概念等多个方面,对西方先锋艺术进行了讨论。他对西方先锋艺术的认识集中体现在这部著作中。西方后来出现的先锋理论著述固然重要,但这些著述中的许多问题和思想几乎都是从波焦利那里开始的,抑或说是对波焦利的批评与超越。从这一点来看,波焦利的著作可谓20世纪西方先锋理论的主要源头之一。今天重读这部著作,有助于我们深入思考国内外相关论述中出现的诸多先锋问题。本文拟在探讨、梳理波焦利先锋理论渊源的基础上,介绍、评价其理论框架,指出其理论局限,以便为探讨先锋理论及其写作起到抛砖引玉的作用。
Italian scholar Renato Poggioli is one of the earliest scholars of the avant-garde in Western avant-garde theory in the mid-20th century. In his book Teoria dell’arte d’avanguardia, published in 1962, he discussed the western avant-garde art in many aspects, such as the pioneer concept. His understanding of Western avant-garde art is embodied in this book. Pioneer theoretical writings that later appeared in the West were of course important, but many of the problems and ideas in these writings started almost from Poggio, or were they criticized and surpassed Poggio. From this point of view, Poggioli’s writings can be described as one of the main sources of the Western pioneer theory of the 20th century. Rereading this book today will help us to think deeply about the pioneer issues that have emerged in the relevant discourse at home and abroad. Based on the discussion and analysis of the origins of Pogoli’s pioneer theory, this article intends to introduce and evaluate its theoretical framework and point out its theoretical limitations so as to start a discussion on the pioneer theory and its writing.