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抗菌素是由某些微生物(或人工)合成的,或半合成的化学物质。由于抗菌素能杀灭或抑制病原微生物的生长,而不影响或较小影响机体组织,因而临床上常用以防治备种病原微生物所致的感染。外科应用抗菌素的目的是:预防、控制和治疗外科感染,以提高手术安全性,减小并发症,扩大手术范围,提高治愈率。抗菌素在机体内的抗菌作用是由抗菌素机体与微生物之间相互影响所产生的结果,其中主要决定于机体的状态。因此抗菌素不能代替外科治疗中的基本原则,如严格的无菌操作、彻底地清创、脓肿切开引流、患肢的休息与全身抵抗力的增强等。只有在正确执行这些基本原则的前提下,合理应用抗菌素才能收到预期的效果。
Antibiotics are synthetic or semi-synthetic chemicals that are produced by certain microorganisms (or artificially). Because antibiotics can kill or inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms without affecting or affecting body tissues to a lesser degree, antibiotics are commonly used clinically to prevent and treat infections caused by the prepared pathogenic microorganisms. The purpose of surgical use of antibiotics is: prevention, control and treatment of surgical infections, in order to improve the safety of surgery, reduce complications, expand the scope of surgery, improve the cure rate. The antibacterial effect of antibiotics in the body is the result of the interaction between the antibiotic body and the microorganisms, which mainly depends on the state of the body. Therefore, antibiotics can not replace the basic principles of surgical treatment, such as strict aseptic operation, thorough debridement, abscess incision and drainage, limb rest and systemic resistance enhancement. Only with the proper application of these basic principles, the rational application of antibiotics can receive the expected results.