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文化生产研究始于马克思对精神劳动和物质劳动的经典阐释。不过在马克思那里,这种阐释依托于其整个体系,在后来的西方马克思主义理论家那里,文化生产得到了充分的探讨继而成了一个学术领域。自20世纪七八十年代之后,文化生产理论在消费社会与创意产业的大背景下开始了转向。转向始于文化社会学与媒介研究,其背后是对于生产与消费、艺术与功利等经典问题的重新思考。相较于经典生产理论的抽象思辨,文化生产理论更侧重于深入产业内部进行经验实证研究。这使得它能获得一手资料与鲜活经验,但也使得它往往具有欠缺理论归纳的弱点。
Cultural production began with Marx’s classic interpretation of spiritual and material labor. However, in Marx, this interpretation relied on its entire system. In the later Western Marxist theorists, cultural production was fully explored and became an academic field. Since the seventies and eighties of the 20th century, the theory of cultural production began to shift under the background of the consumer society and the creative industries. The turn began with cultural sociology and media research, behind which was a rethinking of classic issues such as production and consumption, art and utilitarianism. Compared with the classic production theory of abstract speculation, cultural production theory more emphasis on in-depth empirical research within the industry. This gives it first-hand information and fresh experience, but also makes it often lacking in the weaknesses of theoretical induction.