目的研究高碘对小鼠大脑海马组织形态和神经细胞超微结构的影响。方法用随机区组法将动物随机分为高碘、低碘、适碘三组，复制高碘、低碘甲状腺肿动物模型，观察其仔一代鼠１５日龄时的大脑海马组织形态和神经细胞超微结构。结果高碘组大脑海马神经细胞核浓缩、胞浆增多，特别是核周的细胞质减少消失，出现了“空晕”现象。超微结构显示，高碘组神经细胞核肿胀变性，异染色质明显减少，结构松懈，部分区域丢失，胞质内线粒体肿胀变性、嵴断裂消失，突触前后膜结构模糊，突触小泡明显减少，突触内线粒体肿胀，嵴断裂消失，树突内神经原纤维、轴突、树突内微管、微丝明显减少，神经纤维髓化程度降低。结论高碘和低碘一样造成海马组织及神经细胞一定程度的损伤，损伤程度虽不及低碘组严重，但为高碘损伤智力发育提供了组织形态和超微结构的依据。 Objective To investigate the effects of high iodine on the morphology and neuronal ultrastructure of hippocampus in mice brain. Methods The animals were randomly divided into three groups: high iodine, low iodine and iodine by random block method to replicate the animal model of high iodine and low iodine goiter. The morphological changes of hippocampus and neuron Ultrastructure. Results The hippocampal neurons in the high iodine group were concentrated in the nucleus and increased in the cytoplasm. Especially, the cytoplasm in the perinuclear area decreased and disappeared. The ultrastructure showed that in the iodine group, the nuclear of nucleus was swollen and degenerated, the heterochromatin was obviously reduced, the structure was absent, part of the area was lost, the mitochondria in the cytoplasm were swollen and degenerated, the crest of the crest disappeared, the structure of the synaptic membrane was blurred and the synaptic vesicles were obviously reduced , Synaptic mitochondria swelling, disappearance of cristae, dendritic neurofibrils, axons, dendritic microtubules, microfilaments was significantly reduced, reduced degree of nerve fiber marrow. Conclusions Both high iodine and low iodine cause certain degree of damage in hippocampus and nerve cells. Although the degree of damage is not as serious as that of low iodine group, it provides basis for the morphology and ultrastructure of intelligence development of high iodine damage.