埃比尼泽·霍华德(E.Howard)的“田园城市”理论针对英国工业革命后大城市人口膨胀引发的问题,提出建设兼具“城市—乡村”优点的理想城市,开启了英国“新城运动”的篇章,对其后卫星城镇、有机疏散、广亩城市等具代表性的城市扩散理论具有启蒙意义。战后英国的大规模新城建设可以划分为三个阶段。第一代新城指1946至1950年战后恢复期建设的14座新城。其最根本目的是解决住房问题。第一代新城有以下特点: Ehrenard Howard’s “Garden City” theory aiming at the problems caused by the population expansion in metropolitan cities after the industrial revolution in Great Britain proposed the construction of an ideal city that combines the advantages of “city-country” and opened The chapter of “The New Town Movement” in the United Kingdom has enlightenment significance to the representative theory of urban diffusion such as Satellite Town, Organic Evacuation and Guangmu City. The post-war British massive new town construction can be divided into three stages. The first generation of the new city refers to the 14 Metro built during the post-war recovery from 1946 to 1950. Its most fundamental purpose is to solve the housing problem. The first generation Metro has the following characteristics: