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在西方伦理学乃至哲学中,实践都是一个边界清晰的范畴。在亚里士多德那里,实践是指因我们的行动而成的事物,进一步地,又可将其分成以外在的善为目标的行动,以灵魂的善为目的的行动,只有后者才可以称为实践。与实践活动相对应的是实践理性,以区别于创制理性和理论理性。在亚里士多德的实践概念中德性与幸福是统一的。康德把质料哲学按所研究的对象及其所服从的规律分成两种:关于自然规律的学问称为物理学,关于自由规律的学问称为伦理学。于是,康德便把实践严格限制在主体可以依照先天实践法则、靠着实践理性而必然行动的范围内,因实践行动是自明、自主、自觉的,因而是必须担负责任的行动。
In western ethics and even in philosophy, practice is a clear boundary. In Aristotle, practice refers to something that is done through our actions, and further divided into actions that are outwardly good and actions that are directed toward the goodness of the soul. Only the latter Can be called practice. Corresponding to the practical activity is the practical reason to distinguish it from the rationality of creation and rationality. Virtue and happiness are unified in the Aristotelian concept of practice. Kant divided material philosophy into two categories according to the object of study and the law it obeys: knowledge about the law of nature is called physics, and the law on freedom is called ethics. Thus, Kant strictly practice is limited to the subject in accordance with the law of innate practice, relying on practical reason and action within the scope of action because practice is self-evident, autonomous and conscious, and therefore must take responsibility for action.