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关于意识形态概念内涵问题,恩格斯在其19世纪90年代的系列晚年著述(包括关于历史唯物主义的通信等)中,提出了著名的“虚假意识论”和“相互作用论”。这既是对他与马克思合著的《德意志意识形态》(1845——1846年)中的“颠倒论”(体现在“照相机比喻”中)的一种继续,又是对马克思1859年《〈政治经济学批判〉序言》所提出的“上层建筑论”(即“建筑比喻”)的一种解读。其间的逻辑关系再次证明,这样的解读,绝非在认识论意义上将马克思的意识形态概念理解为一种纯粹错误的意识。因此,任何借此将马克思的意识形态概念内涵全然理解为一种纯粹否定性的贬义词的做法,也就难以为继了。
With regard to the connotation of the concept of ideology, Engels proposed the famous “False Consciousness Theory” and “Interaction Theory” in his series of late-1990s writings (including on historical materialism). This is a continuation of the “inversion” (embodied in the “camera metaphor”) of the “German Ideology” (1845 - 1846) he co-authored with Marx, and a continuation of Marx’s 1859 An Interpretation of “Superstructure Theory ” (that is, “Architectural Analogy ”) put forward in the Preamble of Critique of Political Economy The logical relationship between them proves once again that such an interpretation does not in any way understand Marx’s concept of ideology as a mere false sense in the epistemological sense. Therefore, any attempt to understand the connotation of Marx’s concept of ideology as a purely negative derogatory term will be unsustainable.