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The influence of processing parameters on the microstructure and shape memory effect of Cu-26.1Zn-4.8Al alloy was investigated. The treated specimens were characterized by metallography, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to explain the mechanism of shape memory effect in Cu-26.1Zn-4.8Al alloy. The results reveal that the shape memory effect is markedly increased by appropriate quenching and ageing process. XRD shows that γ-phase precipitates from martensite when aged at higher temperature and γ precipitates impair the shape memory effect. TEM analysis indicate that the substructure of plate-like martensite consists of twins and stacking faults.