关节炎在年幼儿并不多见,发生在5岁以下时,诊断可能困难。发病可呈急性并伴全身性疾患;或呈亚急性、隐袭性,有引人注目的关节肿胀,多无疼痛;或某个肢体不愿活动。如幼儿具有发热、中毒症状和剧痛,某一关节发热、发紧、肿胀、活动僵硬,应考虑细菌性感染。虽年长儿多由葡萄球菌和溶血性链球菌引起,但2岁以下最常见的病原菌是嗜血性流感杆菌。为避免严重的后遗症,早期诊断和及时治疗十分重要。 Arthritis is infrequent in young children, and diagnosis can be difficult if it occurs below 5 years of age. The onset can be acute with generalized disease; or was subacute, cryptogenic, striking joint swelling, no pain and more; or a limb unwilling to activity. Such as children with fever, symptoms and severe pain, a joint fever, tightening, swelling, stiff activities, bacterial infection should be considered. Although older children are mostly caused by staphylococci and hemolytic streptococcus, the most common pathogen under 2 years of age is Haemophilus influenzae. To avoid serious sequelae, early diagnosis and prompt treatment are very important.