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台湾原住民是指汉民族移居台湾以前,最早在台湾定居的族群,在大陆被称为高山族,是中华民族大家庭56个民族之一。多年来,岛内有关部门对原住民的界定不断变迁,目前,台湾官方认定的原住民族群共有14个,分别为雅美人、排湾人、卑南人,鲁凯人、阿美人、邹人、布农人,赛夏人、泰雅人、撒奇莱雅人、邵人、噶玛兰人、塞德克人以及太鲁阁人。这些民族多则十几万人,少则几千人,主要分布在台东地区临海一带,唯独雅美人远离台湾岛孤悬于太平洋中的兰屿岛上。历史上,由于高山阻隔、交通不便等原因,这些民族与外界很少往来,较少受到外界的影响,社会、政治、经济、文化均带有鲜明的民族特色。今年4月底5月初,笔者有幸得到一次赴台机会,在东华大学原住民族学院的圆形广场上观看了台湾原住民族歌舞。当时的大体感觉有四点:第一,台湾原住民的歌舞形式与其他南岛语族相似;第二,其内容多为祭祀性歌舞;第三,其舞蹈动作多为狩猎、采集、耕田等生产劳动动作的模拟与再现;第四,链形环舞的内核在于民族思想的凝聚。
Taiwan Aboriginal refers to the earliest ethnic group settled in Taiwan before the Han nationality moved to Taiwan. In the mainland, it is called the Gaoshan ethnic group and one of the 56 ethnic groups in the Chinese nation. Over the years, the definition of Aboriginal people in the island has been changing. At present, there are 14 native Aboriginal people in Taiwan, namely the Yami, Paiwan, Beinan, Rukai, Ami and Zouren , Bunun, Saisi, Atayal, Thachsrael, Shao, Kavalan, Sedk and Taroko. As many as tens of thousands of these ethnic groups, ranging from a few thousand people, are mainly distributed in the coastal areas of Taitung. Only Yamen is far away from Taiwan Island orphaned in the Pacific Ocean. Historically, due to high mountain barriers and inconvenient transportation, these ethnic groups rarely interacted with the outside world and were less affected by the outside world. They all had distinctive national characteristics in society, politics, economy and culture. By the end of April this year and early May of this year, the author was fortunate enough to get a chance to visit Taiwan and watch Taiwanese aboriginal song and dance on the circular plaza of the Aboriginal College of Donghua University. The general feeling at that time was that there were four points: First, the song and dance forms of Taiwan’s aborigines were similar to those of other South Island ethnic groups; secondly, their contents were mostly sacrificial songs and dances; thirdly, their dancing activities were mostly hunting, collecting and farming. Production simulation and reproduction of labor movements; fourth, the core of chain ring dance lies in the cohesion of national ideas.