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离子液体具有稳定性高、溶解性好和电化学宽窗口等优点,是理想的电解液。在离子液体中,可以得到在水溶液或其他有机电解液无法沉积的半导体材料,并且离子液体电沉积方法简便灵活,可以控制半导体材料的形貌和尺寸,在制备纳米半导体的领域中具有非常重要的现实意义。本文介绍了离子液体的性能特点,并综述了几种离子液体中电沉积半导体材料。其中包括单质半导体薄膜材料(S、iGe、Te、灰Se等),以及在光电子领域具有广阔应用前景的各种直接带隙的半导体化合物(GaAs、InSb、ZnTe等)。最后,提出离子液体电沉积方法与模板法相结合,制备Si、Ge纳米线,并可以辅助胶体晶体模板法制备光子晶体,为获得完全带隙的光子晶体材料提供了新的技术路线。
Ionic liquids with high stability, good solubility and electrochemical wide window, etc., is the ideal electrolyte. In ionic liquids, semiconductor materials that can not be deposited in aqueous solution or other organic electrolytes can be obtained, and the ionic liquid electrodeposition method is simple and flexible and can control the topography and size of the semiconductor material. In the field of preparing nano-semiconductors, it has very important Realistic meaning. This article describes the performance characteristics of ionic liquids and summarizes the electrodeposition of semiconductor materials in several ionic liquids. These include single-crystal semiconductor thin-film materials (S, iGe, Te, gray Se, etc.) and various direct-bandgap semiconductor compounds (GaAs, InSb, ZnTe, etc.) with broad application prospects in optoelectronics. Finally, the ionic liquid electrodeposition method is combined with the template method to prepare Si and Ge nanowires, which can assist in the preparation of photonic crystals by the colloidal crystal template method and provide a new technical route for obtaining a complete bandgap photonic crystal material.