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毛泽东坚持国家至上论,甘地是国家的反对者。两者对现代国家的不同定位与理解,与当时中国共产党与印度国大党面临的历史困境有关,也和各自对民族传统的接受有关。毛泽东、甘地的政治哲学,是对各自民族政治传统的创造性转换。这种转换,强化了对本国中下层民众的政治动员与掌控能力,推进了庶民阶层向公民身份的转变,有利于封建帝国向现代民族国家的转型。毛泽东与甘地的国家观,不仅对中印两国现代国家的建立居功甚伟,也对当下中印两国的政治格局与实践产生持续而深远的影响。
Mao Zedong insisted on the supremacy of the country, Gandhi is the country’s opponents. The different orientation and understanding of the two countries in relation to the modern state were related to the historical predicament the CPC and the Indian Congress faced at the time and their respective acceptance of the national tradition. The political philosophy of Mao Zedong and Gandhi is a creative conversion of their national and political traditions. This transformation has strengthened the ability of political mobilization and control over the middle and lower middle class people, promoted the transformation of the common people class to citizenship, and facilitated the feudal empire’s transition to a modern nation-state. The notion of Mao Zedong and Gandhi not only gave great credit to the establishment of the modern state of China and India, but also exerted a lasting and far-reaching impact on the current political pattern and practice between China and India.