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历法既是规定民众社会生活的基本时间建制,也是一种重要的政治文化符号。步入近代之后,在与西方接触的过程中,中国传统旧历的合理性不断遭到质疑,而社会生活的现代化,更使得诸多有关国计民生的领域萌生了改用阳历的实际需求。从晚清至民国,知识分子对阳历的认知日趋客观和全面,附着于历法之上的政治正统观念不断剥落,科学和实用精神占据了思想的主导。民国时期,知识分子广泛参与的历法科普工作,有效地革除了人们观念中残存的不合时宜的迷信观念,强化了人们的科学观念。
Calendar is not only stipulated the basic time for the people’s social life, but also an important political and cultural symbol. After entering the modern era, the legitimacy of the traditional Chinese lunar calendar has constantly been questioned in the process of engaging with the West. The modernization of social life has also led many realms concerning the national economy and the people’s livelihood to the actual needs of the adoption of the solar calendar. From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the cognition of the Gregorian calendar by the intellectuals became more and more objective and comprehensive. The political orthodoxy attached to the calendars kept falling off, and the scientific and practical spirit dominated the thought. In the period of the Republic of China, the popular science popularization work with extensive participation of intellectuals effectively eradicated the outdated concepts of superstition and reinforced scientific concepts of people.