处理小体也称P小体(processing body，P-body)存在于细胞质中，为含有多种蛋白和RNA的胞浆复合物。P小体不仅在维持细胞生命周期、调节细胞正常活动上具有重要作用，还是机体免疫防御组成成分，感染时起着抗病毒的功能。病毒感染时，一些P小体组分单独作用于病毒，并且通过多种机制抑制病毒复制。然而，病毒在长期进化过程中也衍生出了对抗机体防御的相应策略，如降解P小体成分，干扰P小体关键成分作用，改变P小体成分。文章对P小体组成、功能、抗病毒机制以及病毒的应对措施等作一综述，旨在进一步阐释病毒感染与P小体之间的相互影响和调控。“,”Processing bodies(P-bodies) are cytoplasmic complexes and exist in the cytoplasm. P-bodies contain multiple proteins and RNAs. P-bodies are not only involved in maintaining cell life cycle and regulating normal cell activities, but also in the host\'s defenses against viral infection. During viral infection, some components of P-bodies act alone on the viruses and prevent them from replicating by various mechanisms. Due to the long-term evolution, Viruses have developed strategies to counter the body\'s defenses, particularly degradating components of the P-bodies, interacting with target components of the P-bodies, and altering components of the P-bodies. This article reviews the composition and function of P-bodies, the anti-viral mechanism of P-bodies, and the countermeasures formed during the evolution of the viruses. It aims to further explain the interaction between viral infection and P-bodies.