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在历年来各国申报联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产两类名录和一个名册的申报/推荐材料中,重复性地出现了一些具有共性的问题。这些问题包括但远不限于不当用词和“本真性”问题、保护儿童权益的问题及动物使用问题。以上问题一方面反映出部分缔约国对于《保护非物质文化遗产公约》的宗旨和精神认识不足,另一方面也体现出教科文组织在该公约框架下设立的非遗名录和名册机制在面对各申报国极为复杂多样的社会文化状况与价值观时可能会遭遇的“悖论”。申报国需要在国际层面的“公认”和地方或国家层面的“自认”之间谋求平衡与和解。
Over the years, various countries declared and recommended materials for two categories of UNESCO’s intangible cultural heritages and a roster, repeatedly presenting some common problems. These issues include but are not limited to the inappropriate use of words and “genuineness” issues, the protection of children’s rights issues and the use of animals. On the one hand, the above problems reflect the inadequate understanding of the purposes and spirit of some States parties in the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage and on the other hand, the non-listed roster and roster established by UNESCO under the framework of the Convention “Paradox ” that may be encountered when declaring the very complicated and diverse social and cultural conditions and values of the country. The reporting countries need to find a balance and reconciliation between “recognized ” at the international level and “self-awareness ” at the local or national level.