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为了减少农机作业对农田土壤的压实,改善作物生长环境,加强农机与农艺融合,该文结合固定道和保护性耕作技术要求,开发了固定道小麦免少耕播种机,设计了一种楔刀型开沟器与“Y”型、“L”型刀具相结合的防堵开沟装置,并确定了“Y”型、“L”型刀具等关键部件的参数,田间对比试验表明,所设计的固定道小麦免少耕播种机通过性能良好,各项指标满足免耕播种机设计要求。固定道模式下机具各项性能指标均略优于非固定道,种、肥深度合格率均达到84%以上,且一致性好,种肥间距加大5 mm,合格率达到85.2%,有效减少了烧种现象。固定道免少耕作业实施2年后,与非固定道作业模式相比,作业油耗降低22.01%,节油效果显著。因此,固定道免少耕播种技术能够提高播种质量,降低作业功耗。另外,随着中国土地流转政策地推进,研究成果将对土地规模化种植、高效化管理具有一定指导意义。
In order to reduce the compaction of farmland soil, improve the crop environment and strengthen the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, this paper developed a fixed-channel wheat-less-less planter with fixed road and conservation tillage technology, and designed a wedge Knife-type opener and “Y” type, “L” type cutter combination of anti-tampering ditching device, and identified the “Y” type, “L” The parameters and field comparison tests showed that the designed fixed-track wheat-free and less-less planter passed the performance well, and the indexes met the no-till planter design requirements. Fixed road mode of the performance of the tools are slightly better than the non-fixed Road, seed, fertilizer depth pass rate reached more than 84%, and consistency, spacing increased 5 mm fertilizer, the pass rate of 85.2%, effectively reduce Burn seed phenomenon. Two years after the implementation of the fixed road-less tillage operation, compared with the non-fixed road operation mode, the operating fuel consumption is reduced by 22.01% and the fuel economy effect is remarkable. Therefore, the fixed road less plowing technology can improve the sowing quality, reduce operating power consumption. In addition, with the promotion of land transfer policy in China, the research results will be of guiding significance for the large-scale land cultivation and efficient management.