精子表达独特的分化抗原,在男性引起自身免疫和女性引起同种免疫反应。包括血睾屏障、男性和女性精浆免疫抑制因子和主动免疫调节的正常防御机制失调或破坏,导致抗精子免疫反应。有生殖道创伤史和感染的男性血清和精液以及性生活活跃女性的血清和宫颈粘液常可找到抗精子抗体。抗精子抗体与男女不育症相关具有临床意义,因此了解这种免疫反应产生和逆转可能性是重要的。生殖系免疫防御环境藏匿的病毒和其它微生物是性传染病的一个重要因素。本文回顾近代基础研究概念和精液免疫中免疫刺激和免疫抑制二者的临床意义。精子和精浆免疫基础研究:睾丸生殖细胞减数分裂期表达独特分化分子。小鼠睾丸生殖细胞晚粗丝期出现特异性自身抗原持续于精子发生过程。其余抗原于中精细胞期后在浆膜和附睾运行期精子表面出现。用单克 Sperm express a unique differentiation antigen, causing autoimmunity in men and women causing alloimmunization. Disorders or disruptions, including the blood-testis barrier, normal defense mechanisms of both male and female seminal plasma immunosuppressive factors and active immune regulation, result in an antisperm immune response. Anti-sperm antibodies can often be found in serum and semen from men who have had a history of genital tract trauma and infections, as well as from serum and cervical mucus in sexually active women. Anti-sperm antibodies are of clinical relevance to both male and female infertility and it is important to understand the production and reversal potential of this immune response. Germline immune defense environment Hidden viruses and other microorganisms are an important factor in STDs. This article reviews the clinical implications of both modern concepts of basic research and immunostimulation and immunosuppression in semen immunity. Basic research on sperm and sperm immunity: Testicular germ cells express uniquely differentiated molecules during meiosis. The mouse spermary germ cells present at a relatively late stage of myelin autoantigen persist in the process of spermatogenesis. The remaining antigens appear after the spermatogenic stage on the sperm surface in the serosa and epididymis during operation. With a single gram